This review examines new types of environmentally-friendly membranes made from natural plant materials like alginate and cellulose that can effectively remove harmful dyes and heavy metals from polluted water. These sustainable membranes can reject over 95% of contaminants while producing minimal waste, offering a greener alternative to traditional synthetic membrane technology. The materials are biodegradable and can be reused multiple times, making them economically and environmentally advantageous for water treatment applications.