Researchers successfully developed a method to genetically modify the edible mushroom Stropharia rugosoannulata using Agrobacterium tumefaciens bacteria. This technique allows scientists to insert and express foreign genes in the mushroom, providing tools to study how specific genes control mushroom growth and the production of health-promoting compounds. The study demonstrates that both artificial and natural resistance markers can be used to identify successfully transformed mushrooms, offering a foundation for improving mushroom cultivation and breeding.