therapeutic action: pathogen resistance

Applications of Natural Polymers in the Grapevine Industry: Plant Protection and Value-Added Utilization of Waste

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Grapevines face significant challenges from drought, extreme temperatures, and fungal diseases. Natural polymers like chitosan, alginate, and cellulose can create protective coatings on grapes that help them retain water, resist pests, and stay healthy. Additionally, waste from grape processing can be recycled into valuable compounds and encapsulated in these polymers for use as plant strengtheners or in food and pharmaceuticals, creating a more sustainable wine industry.

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Phytohormones and volatile organic compounds, like geosmin, in the ectomycorrhiza of Tricholoma vaccinum and Norway spruce (Picea abies)

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This research examines how a fungus (Tricholoma vaccinum) and spruce tree communicate through chemical signals. The fungus produces unique compounds including geosmin (the earthy smell of soil after rain), limonene (lemon scent), and plant hormones. These chemicals help the fungus and tree establish their beneficial partnership by affecting how the fungus grows and branches around the tree roots. The findings show that these chemical signals are crucial for successful formation of the mycorrhizal relationship.

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Mycorrhizae and grapevines: the known unknowns of their interaction for wine growers’ challenges

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form beneficial partnerships with grapevine roots, improving plant health and wine quality. These fungi help grapevines absorb water and nutrients more efficiently, making them more resistant to drought and diseases. The effectiveness of this partnership depends on which specific fungi are present, the type of grapevine rootstock used, and how vineyard soil is managed. As climate change creates new challenges for wine growers, using AMF as natural biostimulants could help grapevines better tolerate heat, drought, and other stresses.

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Enhancing consistency in arbuscular mycorrhizal trait-based research to improve predictions of function

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This review addresses how to better study fungal partners that help plants grow by proposing standardized methods to measure fungal characteristics. These fungi form beneficial partnerships with plant roots, improving nutrient uptake and soil health. By developing consistent measurement approaches and databases of fungal traits, scientists can better predict how these fungi affect plants and ecosystems.

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