therapeutic action: Neuroinflammation reduction

A comprehensive overview of the effects of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics on the gut-brain axis

This comprehensive review examines how probiotics (beneficial live bacteria), prebiotics (food for beneficial bacteria), and synbiotics (combinations of both) can influence communication between the gut and brain. These interventions can produce beneficial compounds like GABA and serotonin, strengthen the gut barrier, and reduce inflammation, potentially helping with mood, anxiety, cognition, and various digestive disorders. However, effects vary greatly depending on the specific strain used, dosage, and individual differences in gut bacteria, and more large-scale studies are needed to confirm long-term clinical benefits.

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How to account for hallucinations in the interpretation of the antidepressant effects of psychedelics: a translational framework

Psychedelic drugs like LSD and psilocybin show promise in treating depression with effects lasting months after single doses. However, scientists debate whether the hallucinations and mystical experiences these drugs produce are necessary for their healing effects. This review proposes a framework to test whether lower doses without hallucinations might still provide antidepressant benefits, similar to how anesthesia-administered ketamine works without the patient’s awareness.

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The progress of the microbe-gut-brain axis in sepsis-associated encephalopathy

Sepsis can cause brain dysfunction called sepsis-associated encephalopathy, leading to memory problems and confusion in about one-third to two-thirds of sepsis patients. The bacteria in your gut communicate with your brain through multiple pathways, and when sepsis disrupts this communication, it causes harmful inflammation in the brain. Treatments like probiotics and transplanting healthy gut bacteria from donors show promise in animal studies and early human trials for improving memory and cognitive function after sepsis.

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