therapeutic action: mitochondrial protection

Targeting Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Pathophysiology with Flavonoids: From Adipokine–Cytokine Crosstalk to Insulin Resistance and Reproductive Dysfunctions

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder affecting millions of women that causes irregular periods, infertility, and metabolic problems. Flavonoids are beneficial plant compounds found in fruits, vegetables, and tea that show promise in treating PCOS by improving insulin sensitivity, reducing inflammation, and balancing hormones. While current medications have limited benefits and side effects, flavonoid supplements could offer a safer, natural way to address multiple PCOS problems simultaneously. However, more large-scale clinical studies are needed to confirm their effectiveness and establish optimal dosing.

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Edible mushrooms as emerging biofactories for natural therapeutics and oral biopharmaceutical delivery

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Mushrooms are emerging as natural medicine factories that can be genetically engineered to produce medications taken by mouth. Beyond their traditional use as health foods, scientists are now using advanced genetic techniques to program mushrooms to manufacture therapeutic proteins and vaccines. These engineered mushrooms can naturally package and protect these medications as they pass through the stomach, releasing them safely in the intestines for absorption. This approach offers a sustainable, affordable, and cold-chain-independent alternative to conventional injected medications.

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Dietary Phytochemicals in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Management: A Comprehensive Review

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This review examines how plant-based compounds called phytochemicals can help prevent and manage heart disease. These compounds, found in foods like berries, nuts, tea, garlic, and whole grains, work through multiple mechanisms including reducing inflammation, lowering cholesterol, and improving blood vessel function. The review highlights that while pharmaceutical treatments exist, dietary approaches using phytochemical-rich foods offer a cost-effective and sustainable way to support heart health.

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Cerebral Hypoxia-Induced Molecular Alterations and Their Impact on the Physiology of Neurons and Dendritic Spines: A Comprehensive Review

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This review explains how low oxygen levels in the brain damage nerve cells and their connection points (dendritic spines) through a cascade of molecular changes. The brain normally has protective mechanisms, but severe or prolonged hypoxia overwhelms these defenses, leading to memory loss and cognitive problems. Several molecular pathways and supporting cells called astrocytes and microglia can help protect neurons. Understanding these protective mechanisms may lead to new treatments for brain conditions caused by low oxygen, such as stroke.

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Immunomodulatory natural polysaccharide-based nanoparticles for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases

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Scientists are developing tiny particles made from natural sugar-based compounds that can deliver medicine to the brain while reducing inflammation caused by neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. These nanoparticles are special because they can cross the protective barrier surrounding the brain and carry therapeutic compounds directly to where they’re needed. The natural polysaccharides used to make these particles have built-in anti-inflammatory properties, making them safer and more effective than traditional approaches. This innovative technology shows promise for treating currently difficult-to-manage brain diseases.

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