This review examines how traditional Chinese medicine ingredients can boost the body’s natural ability to fight cancer when combined with tiny nanoparticles that deliver drugs more effectively. The nanoparticles help TCM compounds work better by improving how they dissolve, how long they stay in the body, and where they target. By activating immune cells like natural killer cells and dendritic cells while reducing immune-suppressing cells, this combination approach offers a promising new strategy for cancer treatment with fewer side effects.