therapeutic action: Enhanced disease resistance

The VlMYB149-VlHIPP30 Regulatory Module Enhances Grapevine Resistance to Botrytis cinerea by Activating the Antioxidant System and Copper Metabolism

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Scientists discovered that two grape proteins working together help grapes resist a common fungal disease called grey mould. When grapes are infected, one protein (VlMYB149) activates a second protein (VlHIPP30) that helps the plant accumulate copper and boost its natural antioxidant defenses. This discovery could help farmers grow disease-resistant grape varieties without relying on chemical fungicides.

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Enrichment of Artemia With Synbiotic and Its Effects on Growth Nutrient Utilization Survival and Gut Microbial Communities of Larval Hybrid Catfish (Clarias microstomus × Clarias gariepinus)

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This study shows that enriching brine shrimp (Artemia) with beneficial bacteria and prebiotic fiber significantly improves growth and health in young catfish. The enriched shrimp were fed to catfish larvae for two weeks, resulting in better weight gain, faster growth rates, and more efficient feed conversion. The beneficial bacteria successfully colonized the fish’s gut and promoted a healthier microbiota, offering an environmentally friendly alternative to antibiotics in fish farming.

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NtCML19 Is Recruited by Tobacco to Interact With the Deacetylase Protein RsDN3377 of Rhizoctonia solani AG3-TB, Inhibiting Fungal Infection

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Tobacco plants are under attack from a fungal disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Scientists discovered that this fungus produces a protein called RsDN3377 that helps it grow and infect plants. However, tobacco plants have evolved a defense protein called NtCML19 that recognizes RsDN3377 and triggers an immune response to fight off the infection. By engineering tobacco plants to produce more NtCML19, researchers showed they could make the plants more resistant to the disease, suggesting a potential new strategy for protecting crops.

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Sunlight-sensitive carbon dots for plant immunity priming and pathogen defence

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Scientists developed special tiny carbon particles that respond to sunlight by producing molecules that strengthen plant defenses against fungi. When sprayed on plants like tomato and tobacco, these particles trigger the plant’s natural immune system, reducing fungal diseases by 12-44% without harming the plant. At higher concentrations with continuous sunlight, the particles can directly kill fungal pathogens. This eco-friendly approach offers a sustainable alternative to chemical fungicides while maintaining crop yields.

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Mycorrhizae and grapevines: the known unknowns of their interaction for wine growers’ challenges

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi form beneficial partnerships with grapevine roots, helping plants absorb water and nutrients while improving stress tolerance. These fungi relationships begin in plant nurseries and continue in vineyards, but their effectiveness depends on the specific fungus species, vine variety, and farming practices like soil management and herbicide use. Using these fungi as biological stimulants could help grapevines cope with climate change challenges like drought and heat, though more field studies are needed to confirm their practical benefits.

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Integrated transcriptome and metabolome profiling reveals mechanisms underlying the infection of Cytospora mali in “Jin Hong” branches

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This research examined how apple trees defend themselves against a serious fungal disease called Valsa canker caused by Cytospora mali. Scientists used advanced genetic and chemical analysis techniques to identify which genes and protective compounds are activated when apple branches are infected. They found that healthy apple trees fight the infection by strengthening their cell walls, producing special protective enzymes, and accumulating defense chemicals like α-linolenic acid and betaine. These discoveries could help develop better ways to prevent or manage this destructive disease in apple orchards.

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Positive interaction between melatonin and methyl jasmonate enhances Fusarium wilt resistance in Citrullus lanatus

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This research shows that two plant compounds, melatonin and methyl jasmonate, work together to protect watermelon plants from a devastating fungal disease called Fusarium wilt. When applied to plant roots at specific concentrations, these compounds activate the plant’s natural defense mechanisms and directly slow down fungal growth. Importantly, the two compounds enhance each other’s effects, creating a protective cycle that makes the plant significantly more resistant to infection, offering a natural alternative to chemical pesticides.

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