Standardization of challenge inoculation protocols for artificial infection of Fusarium acutatum and Fusarium falciforme causing basal rot of onion
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This research develops standardized methods for infecting onion bulbs with fungal diseases in laboratory settings to test which onion varieties can resist the infection. Two Fusarium fungi species that cause onion basal rot were tested using five different inoculation techniques. The cotton swab method proved most effective and practical for screening large numbers of onion plants. These findings will help farmers and plant breeders develop onion varieties resistant to these economically important diseases.