therapeutic action: collagen synthesis support

Benefits and risks of hair, skin, and nail supplements in older adults

This article reviews popular supplements that older adults, especially women, take to improve their hair, skin, and nails. While some supplements like nicotinamide show promise for sun-damaged skin, most lack strong evidence of benefit in healthy people. Important risks include biotin interfering with heart and thyroid tests, too much zinc causing copper deficiency, and excess vitamins A and E building up to toxic levels. Doctors should talk to older patients about these supplements and help them make informed decisions based on scientific evidence rather than marketing claims.

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L-gulono-γ-lactone Oxidase, the Key Enzyme for L-Ascorbic Acid Biosynthesis

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is essential for human health, protecting against disease and supporting numerous body functions. However, humans cannot make their own vitamin C because we lack a functional GULO enzyme gene. This review examines how different organisms produce vitamin C, where these enzymes work in cells, and recent discoveries showing that a simplified version of the enzyme can still work effectively, which could help improve vitamin C production in engineered plants.

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