acetylcholinesterase inhibition

Recent developments of tools for genome and metabolome studies in basidiomycete fungi and their application to natural product research

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Mushrooms and related fungi in the basidiomycete group produce many useful medicines and agricultural chemicals. Scientists have traditionally struggled to study these fungi because they grow slowly and have complex genomes. Recent technological breakthroughs—including faster DNA sequencing and gene-editing tools—are now making it much easier to discover and understand the helpful compounds these fungi produce, potentially leading to new medicines.

Unveiling the Therapeutic Potentials of Mushroom Bioactive Compounds in Alzheimer’s Disease

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Mushrooms contain special compounds that may help protect the brain from Alzheimer’s disease. Research shows that eating mushrooms regularly could reduce the risk of memory problems and cognitive decline in older adults. These compounds work by reducing brain inflammation, protecting nerve cells, and helping the brain clear out harmful proteins. While these findings are promising, more human studies are needed to confirm how effective mushrooms are as an Alzheimer’s treatment.

From natural laboratory to drug discovery: Chemical structures, bioactivities, and biosynthesis of meroterpenoids from Ganoderma species

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This review examines special compounds called meroterpenoids found in Ganoderma mushrooms (commonly known as Reishi). Scientists have identified over 350 of these compounds from 14 different Ganoderma species. These compounds show promise for treating various health conditions including cancer, kidney disease, diabetes, and inflammatory disorders. The researchers also propose how these compounds are made inside the mushroom, which could help scientists produce them more efficiently for medical use.

Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Psilocybe Mushrooms: Gaps and Perspectives

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This comprehensive review examined what we know about Psilocybe mushrooms, which are known for their mind-altering effects due to compounds called psilocybin and psilocin. The study found that while these mushrooms show promise for treating depression and anxiety, most research has focused only on their psychoactive properties. The review identified over 30 chemical compounds in these mushrooms and noted that some species show potential antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The authors emphasize that much more research is needed to explore other potential health benefits and to understand exactly how individual compounds work in the body.

Biosynthesis of mushroom-derived type II ganoderic acids by engineered yeast

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Scientists successfully engineered baker’s yeast to produce ganoderic acids, potent anti-cancer compounds from medicinal mushrooms, at much higher levels than found in farmed mushrooms. By identifying key enzymes responsible for converting simpler compounds into active ganoderic acids, researchers created yeast strains that produce these valuable compounds 100-10,000 times more efficiently than traditional mushroom farming. This breakthrough could make these expensive medicinal compounds more accessible and affordable for medical research and potential drug development.

New bioactive secondary metabolites from fungi: 2024

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Scientists discovered 907 new compounds from fungi in 2024, with most being terpenoids and polyketides that show promise as medicines. These fungal compounds demonstrate strong activity against bacteria, fungi, and inflammation, with some showing potential against cancer and diabetes. The research uses advanced techniques like genome mining and metabolomics to find these compounds more efficiently. This accelerating discovery rate suggests fungi could be a major source for developing new drugs to treat various diseases.

Anticancer Activity of Demethylincisterol A3 and Related Incisterol-Type Fungal Products

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This review examines a group of rare fungal compounds called incisterols, with a focus on demethylincisterol A3 (DM-A3), which has shown promise as an anticancer agent. DM-A3 works through multiple mechanisms including blocking cancer cell signaling pathways, inhibiting specific enzymes, and reducing inflammation. The compound has demonstrated effectiveness against various cancer types in laboratory studies and showed tumor-reducing effects in animal models, suggesting potential for future cancer therapy development.

Artificial intelligence-assisted optimization of extraction enhances the biological activity of Phylloporia ribis

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Scientists optimized how to extract beneficial compounds from Phylloporia ribis mushrooms using artificial intelligence, finding that an AI-assisted method produced extracts with stronger antioxidant power and cancer-fighting properties than traditional statistical approaches. The optimized extracts showed promise in fighting free radicals, potentially supporting brain health against Alzheimer’s disease, and slowing cancer cell growth. This research demonstrates how combining mushroom extraction with modern AI technology could lead to more effective natural medicines.

Optimization of Ultrasonic Extraction to Obtain Erinacine A and Polyphenols with Antioxidant Activity from the Fungal Biomass of Hericium erinaceus

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Researchers developed an efficient ultrasonic extraction method to obtain beneficial compounds from the lion’s mane mushroom (Hericium erinaceus), particularly a substance called erinacine A and antioxidants. The optimized process uses 80% ethanol and takes 45 minutes, producing extracts rich in antioxidants that can protect cells from damage. These extracts showed promise in protecting brain cells and could potentially help prevent or treat neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease.

Evaluating the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective potential of fruiting body and mycelium extracts from edible yellow morel (Morchella esculenta L. Pers.)

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This study examined morel mushrooms from Pakistan to see if they could help treat Alzheimer’s disease and related brain conditions. Researchers tested both the fruiting bodies and the root-like mycelia of Morchella esculenta mushrooms for their ability to fight oxidative stress, reduce inflammation, and inhibit an enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, a brain chemical important for memory. The results showed that morel extracts, especially from fruiting bodies collected in certain regions, worked as well as or better than conventional medications, suggesting these common edible mushrooms could be developed into treatments for neurodegenerative diseases.

therapeutic action: acetylcholinesterase inhibition