This research examines how mushroom-forming fungi have evolved their reproductive strategies over millions of years in response to environmental changes. The study reveals that these fungi adapted to major climate changes by modifying both their mushroom size and spore characteristics. Here’s how this research impacts everyday life: • Helps understand how organisms adapt to climate change, which is relevant for predicting future ecological changes • Provides insights into fungal conservation strategies by revealing their evolutionary adaptations • Improves our knowledge of mushroom diversity and classification in different regions • Contributes to understanding ecological relationships between fungi and forest ecosystems • Aids in predicting how fungi might respond to current and future environmental challenges