This research examined how growing oyster mushrooms (P. columbinus) on different agricultural waste materials affects their health-promoting properties. The study found that the growing substrate significantly influences the mushrooms’ ability to fight microbes and act as antioxidants. This has important implications for both sustainable agriculture and human health. Impacts on everyday life: • Provides a way to convert agricultural waste into valuable nutritional supplements • Offers natural alternatives to synthetic antimicrobial compounds • Demonstrates sustainable methods for producing health-promoting foods • Suggests new ways to enhance the medicinal properties of edible mushrooms • Could lead to improved natural food preservatives