This research examined how different species of mold fungi affect the cultivation of shiitake mushrooms in China. The study identified six different mold species that can damage and kill shiitake mushroom crops, with one species (Trichoderma harzianum) being the most common problem. The research helps explain how these molds attack and damage mushroom production. Impacts on everyday life: • Helps mushroom farmers better understand and potentially combat crop losses • Contributes to maintaining stable supplies and prices of shiitake mushrooms for consumers • Advances understanding of fungal interactions that could be applied to other agricultural challenges • Identifies potential biological control agents that could be used in organic farming • Demonstrates the importance of proper cultivation conditions in mushroom production