This research examined how environmental conditions and host plants affect the chemical composition of white truffles. The study found that truffles from different regions and those growing near different tree species produce distinct chemical signatures, particularly in their aroma compounds and antioxidant contents. This has important implications for understanding and verifying truffle quality and origin. Impacts on everyday life: • Helps consumers and sellers verify the authentic origin of expensive truffles • Provides scientific basis for understanding why truffles from certain regions are considered higher quality • Contributes to better methods for truffle cultivation and production • Improves our understanding of how environment affects food quality • Could lead to better preservation methods for truffles based on antioxidant content