This research reveals how matsutake mushrooms naturally defend themselves against insects using chemical compounds. The study found that two aromatic compounds produced by the mushroom act as natural insect repellents, helping explain why certain insects avoid eating these valuable mushrooms. Impacts on everyday life: • Provides insights into natural pest control methods that could inspire new eco-friendly insect repellents • Helps explain why valuable matsutake mushrooms can survive in nature despite being nutritious food sources • Demonstrates how organisms use chemical communication in nature to protect themselves • Could lead to better cultivation methods for commercially important mushrooms