This research investigated how a particular yeast species can reproduce sexually without requiring a mating partner, unlike most other related fungi. The scientists identified and studied the genes responsible for this self-fertile reproduction system, which could have important applications in biotechnology. The yeast studied, Phaffia rhodozyma, is commercially important because it produces astaxanthin, a valuable antioxidant pigment used in food and cosmetics industries. Impacts on everyday life: • Improved understanding of this yeast’s reproduction could lead to better industrial strains for astaxanthin production • Advances our knowledge of how organisms can adapt different reproductive strategies • Could help develop new approaches for improving production of natural food colorants and antioxidants • Demonstrates how basic research on microorganisms can have practical applications in food and cosmetic industries • Provides tools for creating better yeast strains through classical breeding approaches