This research explored the hidden world of fungi living in Chilean forests, specifically studying the relationship between fungi and two types of southern beech trees. Using advanced DNA sequencing technology, researchers discovered an incredibly diverse community of fungi living in and around tree roots, many of which had never been observed before in these forests. This knowledge is crucial for forest conservation and sustainable management of edible mushrooms. Impacts on everyday life: • Helps protect native forests by understanding their complex underground networks • Supports sustainable harvesting of edible wild mushrooms important for local communities • Provides new methods for monitoring forest health using DNA technology • Contributes to conservation of endangered mushroom species like Boletus loyo • Helps preserve traditional ecological knowledge and cultural practices of indigenous Mapuche people