This research examined how winter mushrooms (Flammulina filiformis) develop and respond to heat stress at the genetic level. The study revealed important genes that control mushroom formation and identified mechanisms that allow some mushroom strains to better tolerate warm temperatures. This knowledge has practical implications for mushroom cultivation and broader significance for understanding how complex organisms develop. Impacts on everyday life: • Could lead to improved mushroom varieties that grow better in warmer conditions • May help reduce energy costs in commercial mushroom production by requiring less cooling • Provides insights that could help maintain mushroom supplies despite climate change • Advances understanding of how organisms develop complex structures • Could contribute to more efficient and sustainable mushroom farming methods