This research explored the diversity of Trichoderma fungi in Southern Europe and nearby islands, discovering many new species and documenting where different types are commonly found. The study helps us better understand these important fungi that play crucial roles in nature and agriculture. Impacts on everyday life: – Improves our ability to identify beneficial fungi used in agriculture and biotechnology – Helps understand distribution of fungi that can protect crops from diseases – Provides knowledge needed for developing new biological control agents – Contributes to conservation by documenting biodiversity in Mediterranean regions – Advances understanding of fungi important for industrial enzyme production