This research examined how the genetic material in the powerhouse (mitochondria) of mushroom cells changes over time. Scientists studied different strains of shiitake mushroom to understand how their mitochondrial DNA evolves and varies. The findings show that this DNA is constantly changing through various mechanisms like adding or removing genetic elements and duplicating sequences. Impacts on everyday life: • Helps improve mushroom breeding programs for better crop yields • Advances our understanding of how organisms adapt and evolve • Contributes to better cultivation methods for edible mushrooms • Provides insights into genetic diversity that could help preserve mushroom species • May lead to improved strains of mushrooms with desired characteristics