This research examined the quality and safety of mushroom supplements sold in Italy, revealing significant concerns about product consistency and labeling accuracy. The study found that many supplements didn’t contain the mushroom species listed on their labels, had varying amounts of active ingredients between capsules, and some contained concerning levels of contaminants. This has important implications for everyday consumers: • Many mushroom supplements may not contain the exact species or amounts of active ingredients that consumers think they’re buying • The inconsistent amount of active ingredients between capsules means consumers might not get reliable doses • Some products contained contaminants above legal safety limits, potentially putting consumers at risk • The lack of standardization makes it difficult for consumers to know if they’re getting an effective product • These findings highlight the need for better regulation and quality control in the supplement industry to protect consumer health