This research discovered that certain mushrooms produce defensive proteins called lipases that can protect them from being eaten by tiny worms called nematodes. These proteins work by breaking down fats that are essential for the nematodes’ survival. The findings have important real-world implications: • Could lead to new environmentally-friendly ways to protect crops from harmful nematode parasites • May help develop new treatments for parasitic worm infections in humans and livestock • Demonstrates how studying natural defense mechanisms can inspire new therapeutic approaches • Could reduce reliance on chemical pesticides in agriculture • Provides insights into how organisms naturally defend themselves against predators