This research identified and studied two important genes in the winter mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) that help control how the mushroom’s stem grows. The study reveals how these genes become more active specifically when the mushroom’s stem is elongating, suggesting they play a crucial role in mushroom development. Impacts on everyday life: • Helps improve commercial mushroom cultivation techniques • Contributes to better understanding of how edible mushrooms grow and develop • Could lead to improved mushroom varieties with better growing characteristics • Advances our knowledge of biological processes in fungi that could have applications in biotechnology • May help develop more efficient mushroom production methods for food industry