This research explored the diversity of a group of mushrooms called Cortinarius in the Mediterranean region, discovering three previously unknown species. The study used advanced DNA sequencing techniques to analyze both fresh and historical specimens, helping resolve long-standing taxonomic debates. The findings highlight how the Mediterranean region harbors unique fungal species that have evolved to thrive in specific ecological niches. Impacts on everyday life: – Helps mycologists and naturalists better identify and classify mushroom species in their local environments – Advances understanding of fungal biodiversity conservation in Mediterranean ecosystems – Demonstrates the value of new DNA sequencing technologies for studying historical specimens – Contributes to knowledge about symbiotic relationships between fungi and Mediterranean plants – Highlights the importance of preserving Mediterranean habitats for unique species