This research provides new insights into the classification and relationships of an important family of fungi called Hydnaceae. The study discovered and described several new species from China and clarified how different groups within this family are related to each other. Impacts on everyday life: – Helps scientists better understand fungal biodiversity and evolution – Improves our knowledge of edible mushroom species that are culturally and economically important – Advances the classification system used to identify and study fungi – Contributes to the documentation of China’s fungal diversity – Provides foundation for future research on potentially useful fungal species