This research studied how temperature and sex ratios affect the reproduction and survival of a harmful agricultural pest called the fungus gnat. The findings show that these insects reproduce best at moderate temperatures (25°C) and when male and female numbers are roughly equal. This knowledge is valuable for controlling these crop-damaging pests. Impacts on everyday life: • Helps farmers better protect their crops from pest damage • Contributes to more efficient greenhouse and mushroom cultivation • Supports development of environmentally-friendly pest control methods • Could lead to reduced crop losses and more stable food production • May help lower food costs by improving crop protection