This research examines how large biological molecules (biomacromolecules) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) contribute to its therapeutic effects. While smaller molecules in TCM have been well-studied, larger molecules like complex sugars, proteins, and genetic material also play crucial roles in how these medicines work. The study shows these compounds can boost immune function, fight cancer, reduce inflammation, and help regulate blood sugar, among other benefits. Impacts on everyday life: • Helps explain why traditional herbal decoctions (teas) can be effective medicines despite containing compounds that are difficult to absorb • Suggests new ways to improve the effectiveness of herbal medicines by preserving beneficial large molecules during processing • Provides scientific support for traditional preparation methods like extended boiling of herbs • Opens possibilities for developing new medicines based on these natural compounds • Helps bridge traditional medicine with modern scientific understanding