This research investigated how the medicinal mushroom Antrodia cinnamomea produces spores when nutrients are limited, which is important for large-scale cultivation. The scientists discovered the genetic mechanisms that control spore production when the fungus experiences nutrient stress. This understanding could help improve commercial production of this valuable medicinal mushroom. Impacts on everyday life: • Could lead to more efficient and affordable production of medicinal mushroom supplements • May help reduce costs of natural medicines derived from this fungus • Provides insights that could be applied to cultivation of other beneficial mushrooms • Could increase availability of natural compounds with various health benefits • Demonstrates how understanding genetic mechanisms can improve biotechnology processes