Transmission of apple stem grooving virus (Capillovirus mali) to apple from the soil-borne fungus Fusarium solani
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Researchers discovered that a common soil fungus called Fusarium solani can carry and transmit apple viruses to healthy apple trees through their roots. This fungus spreads the virus both to other fungal colonies and to apple plants, explaining how viruses naturally spread in apple orchards. This finding has important implications for protecting apple orchards and managing orchard soil health.