Research Keyword: toxicokinetics

An Overview of Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Models for Forensic Science

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This review examines how mathematical models that predict how drugs and chemicals move through the body could be better used in forensic science to help explain cause of death and interpret toxicology evidence. Currently, only a few such models have been specifically developed for forensic purposes, though many exist for common drugs like opioids, cocaine, and alcohol. A major challenge is accounting for how drug concentrations change after death, which can make it harder to determine what the concentration was when the person died.

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Heavy Metal Poisoning and Its Impacts on the Conservation of Amazonian Parrots: An Interdisciplinary Review

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Amazonian parrots face a serious but often invisible threat from heavy metal poisoning caused by illegal mining, agriculture, and urban waste. These toxic metals accumulate in the birds’ bodies over their long lifespans, causing brain damage, kidney failure, and reproductive problems that threaten entire parrot populations. The review calls for urgent action including stopping illegal mining, cleaning contaminated areas, and protecting forests to ensure these important seed-dispersing birds survive.

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Avian toxicoses: a review

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Pet and wild birds can be poisoned by many common substances including metals found in cage materials, kitchen cookware fumes, toxic plants, chocolate, salt, and rodent poison. Symptoms vary by toxin but can include difficulty breathing, weakness, seizures, and bleeding. Treatment focuses on removing the source, supportive care, and specific antidotes when available, though diagnosis is often challenging due to the small size of birds.

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