Researchers identified five new species of fusarioid fungi (Fusarium and Neocosmospora) found in China by combining morphological observations with advanced genetic analysis of 4,941 genes. These fungi are important because they can be beneficial endophytes, harmless decomposers, or disease-causing pathogens. The study used modern genomic techniques to clearly distinguish between closely related species and confirmed fundamental differences between the two main genera. These findings will help scientists better identify and manage diseases caused by these fungi in agriculture and medicine.