Signal transduction – mycolab.ai

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Ganoderma lucidum in Cancer

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Ganoderma lucidum, a mushroom used in traditional medicine for thousands of years, shows promise in fighting certain blood cancers like leukemia and lymphoma. The mushroom contains special compounds that can kill cancer cells in multiple ways—by triggering cancer cell death, boosting the immune system, and preventing cancer cell growth. While laboratory studies are very encouraging, more testing in humans is needed before it can be used as a standard cancer treatment.

The VlMYB149-VlHIPP30 Regulatory Module Enhances Grapevine Resistance to Botrytis cinerea by Activating the Antioxidant System and Copper Metabolism

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Scientists discovered that two grape proteins working together help grapes resist a common fungal disease called grey mould. When grapes are infected, one protein (VlMYB149) activates a second protein (VlHIPP30) that helps the plant accumulate copper and boost its natural antioxidant defenses. This discovery could help farmers grow disease-resistant grape varieties without relying on chemical fungicides.

Trichoderma and its role in biological control of plant fungal and nematode disease

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Trichoderma is a beneficial fungus that can protect crops from diseases and pests while promoting healthier plant growth, without harmful chemical pesticides. It works through multiple strategies: competing with harmful fungi for nutrients, producing natural toxins that kill pathogens, directly parasitizing disease-causing organisms, and strengthening the plant’s own immune system. This eco-friendly approach reduces chemical pollution while improving crop quality and yields, making it an ideal solution for sustainable farming.

Genome-wide identification of PSKR genes in wheat and differential expression under abiotic stress conditions

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Scientists identified 149 genes related to phytosulfokine receptors (PSKR) in wheat that help plants respond to environmental stresses like drought, salt, cold, and heat. These genes are spread across wheat’s chromosomes and contain regulatory elements that control their expression in response to various stresses and plant hormones. The study provides important genetic resources for developing wheat varieties that are more resistant to environmental stress, which is crucial for maintaining crop productivity in changing climate conditions.

Betulinic Acid Delays Turnip Mosaic Virus Infection by Activating the Phytosulfokine Signalling Pathway in Nicotiana benthamiana

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Researchers discovered that betulinic acid, a natural compound found in birch and eucalyptus trees, can slow down turnip mosaic virus infection in plants. The compound works by activating a plant hormone called phytosulfokine through special receptors on plant cells, which strengthens the plant’s natural defence against the virus. This finding suggests betulinic acid could become an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical pesticides for protecting vegetable crops from viral diseases.

Decoding small peptides: Regulators of plant growth and stress resilience

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Small peptides are tiny protein-like molecules that act as chemical messengers in plants, controlling growth, development, and how plants respond to stress. Scientists have recently developed better tools to find and study these peptides, discovering they play important roles in helping plants adapt to harsh environments like drought and disease. These findings could help create crops that are more resilient and productive, addressing challenges posed by climate change and food security.

Fungal graviresponses: Physiological and molecular insights from tissue reorientation in the gravity vector

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Fungi can sense gravity and grow in specific directions to help disperse their spores effectively. They use several different biological ‘sensors’ like protein crystals and fat droplets that shift with gravity, triggering growth changes. This review explains how these sensing systems work at the cellular and molecular levels, and why understanding them matters for growing mushrooms and studying biology in space.

Advances of Peptides for Plant Immunity

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Plant peptides are small signaling molecules that help plants defend themselves against diseases and pests. These peptides can work by directly killing pathogens or by activating the plant’s immune system. Researchers have identified over 1000 different plant peptides, and this review explains how they work and how they could be used to create disease-resistant crops and natural biopesticides.

Lentinan Alleviated PM2.5 Exposure-Induced Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Pulmonary Epithelial Cells by Inhibiting the GARP/TGF-β/Smad Pathway

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Air pollution particles (PM2.5) can cause serious lung damage by triggering a process called epithelial-mesenchymal transition, where lung cells lose their protective qualities. This study found that a natural compound called lentinan, derived from shiitake mushrooms, can help prevent this harmful process by blocking a protein called GARP. The research suggests that lentinan could be a promising natural treatment for lung diseases caused by air pollution.

Emerging paradigms for target discovery of traditional medicines: A genome-wide pan-GPCR perspective

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Traditional medicines from plants, animals, and fungi contain chemical compounds that can interact with specific proteins in our cells called G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). These receptors control many important body functions and are targeted by about one-third of all FDA-approved medications. This review explains how scientists are discovering new therapeutic compounds from traditional medicines by systematically screening them against the complete library of human GPCRs, using advanced techniques to identify which compounds bind to which receptors. Famous examples include morphine from poppies for pain relief and compounds from ginseng that help regulate blood sugar.

Research Keyword: Signal transduction