phylogenetic analysis – Page 34

Morphology and phylogeny reveal two new species of pestalotioid fungi associated with hawthorn in Northeast China

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Researchers discovered two previously unknown fungal species living on hawthorn trees in Northeast China. Through detailed microscopic examination and genetic analysis, they identified these as Sporocadus changchunensis and S. crataegicola. Testing showed these fungi can cause disease spots on hawthorn leaves, suggesting they may pose risks to hawthorn crops. This finding helps expand our understanding of fungal species and their role in plant health.

Endophytic Fungi Isolated from the Brown Alga Sargassum thunbergii in Coastal Korea

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Researchers isolated six previously unknown fungal species living inside the brown seaweed Sargassum thunbergii collected from Korean coastal waters. These fungi, identified through genetic analysis and physical characteristics, belong to families known for producing compounds with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. The discovery reveals that seaweeds harbor a diverse community of fungi that could potentially be used to develop new medicines and agricultural products.

Identification of two metallothioneins in Agaricus crocodilinus reveals gene duplication and domain expansion, a pattern conserved across fungal species

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A common edible mushroom called A. crocodilinus can accumulate dangerous levels of cadmium from soil without being harmed. Scientists discovered this mushroom produces two different proteins called metallothioneins that work together to safely trap and store the toxic cadmium. One protein handles constant, everyday cadmium storage in the mushroom fruiting body, while the other activates quickly when the roots encounter sudden heavy metal stress. This same protective strategy appears in other mushroom species, showing it’s an important evolutionary adaptation.

Morphological and molecular identification of endophytic fungi from roots of epiphyte orchid Aerides odorata Lour in Sabah

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Scientists studied fungi living inside the roots of a rare fragrant orchid called Aerides odorata. Using advanced microscopy and DNA analysis, they identified seven different types of fungi that help the orchid absorb nutrients and grow. These fungi form special structures called pelotons inside the plant’s root cells. This research helps scientists understand how to better grow and protect endangered orchids.

High-quality genome assembly and annotation of Porodaedalea mongolica and Porodaedalea schrenkiana provide insights into potential industrial and medical application

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Scientists sequenced the genomes of two medicinal wood-decay fungi species (Porodaedalea mongolica and P. schrenkiana) for the first time using advanced sequencing technology. These fungi produce beneficial compounds with anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties, and can degrade environmental pollutants. The detailed genetic information revealed how these fungi break down wood and create bioactive compounds, opening new possibilities for medical treatments and industrial applications like environmental cleanup.

Identification and virulence factors prediction of Didymella segeticola causing leaf spot disease in Asarum heterotropoides in China

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This research identifies a fungal disease causing serious damage to Chinese wild ginger crops in northeastern China. Scientists found that the fungus Didymella segeticola causes leaf spot disease and identified 87 proteins that help the fungus harm the plants. The study provides important information for developing strategies to prevent this disease and protect this valuable medicinal herb crop.

Genome sequences of Aspergillus fumigatus strains isolated from wildfowl in Southern Ontario, Canada

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Researchers sequenced the genomes of four Aspergillus fumigatus fungi isolated from infected birds (an osprey, peregrine falcon, and two hawks) brought to wildlife rehabilitation centers in Ontario. This fungus causes a serious infection called aspergillosis that damages the lungs and air sacs of birds. The genetic information from these four strains is now publicly available for scientists studying how this fungus infects birds and how it resists antifungal treatments.

Bioinformatics-aided identification, characterization and applications of mushroom linalool synthases

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Scientists discovered a special enzyme from mushrooms that efficiently produces linalool, a fragrance ingredient found in most perfumes and cosmetics. This fungal enzyme is much more efficient and selective than similar enzymes from plants or bacteria, making it ideal for mass-producing natural linalool through fermentation. The study used advanced computer analysis to identify the enzyme and revealed specific parts of the enzyme responsible for its excellent performance, which could help design even better enzymes in the future.

Disseminated Lichtheimia ramosa infection in a Japanese Black calf

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A young calf developed a serious fungal infection caused by Lichtheimia ramosa despite treatment with multiple antibiotics. The calf had an underdeveloped thymus gland, making it vulnerable to infections. The fungus spread throughout the calf’s body, affecting the liver and digestive system. This case highlights how prolonged antibiotic use and weakened immunity can allow dangerous fungi to flourish.

Isolation and characterization of a new Leptobacillium species promoting tomato plant growth

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Scientists discovered a new type of beneficial fungus living inside tomato plant roots that helps the plants grow better and produce more nutritious fruit. This fungus, called Leptobacillium sp., makes plant hormones and special compounds that help tomato plants absorb nutrients more effectively. When tomato seeds were treated with this fungus, the plants grew taller and produced fruits with higher levels of lycopene, a beneficial compound. This discovery could help farmers grow better tomatoes using nature’s own microorganisms instead of relying on chemical treatments.

Research Keyword: phylogenetic analysis