pharmacokinetics – Page 4

Recent innovations and challenges in the treatment of fungal infections

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Fungal infections are becoming more common and harder to treat due to drug resistance, especially in people with weakened immune systems. Current antifungal medications are becoming less effective because fungi are adapting to resist them, and these drugs can cause serious side effects. Scientists are developing new treatment strategies using combinations of existing drugs, engineered biological approaches, and specially designed delivery systems to overcome resistance and improve patient outcomes.

Mycochemistry, antioxidant activity and anticancer potentiality of ethyl acetate extract of Daldinia eschscholtzii against A549 lung cancer cell line

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Researchers studied a wild fungus called Daldinia eschscholtzii to see if it could fight lung cancer. They found that an extract from this fungus contained 28 different beneficial compounds and was effective at killing cancer cells by triggering a process called apoptosis (programmed cell death). The treatment also reduced the cancer cells’ ability to spread, and it appeared safe for normal, healthy cells. Several compounds in the extract showed promise as potential anti-cancer drugs.

Edible Mushrooms and Beta-Glucans: Impact on Human Health

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Mushrooms contain compounds called β-glucans that can help boost your immune system and reduce inflammation. These compounds show promise in cancer treatment when combined with conventional therapies and may help fight infections. While mushrooms have long been used in traditional medicine, modern research is confirming their health benefits and understanding how they work in the body.

Liposomal amphotericin B prophylaxis in paediatrics: a systematic review

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This study reviews how a fungal medication called liposomal amphotericin B is used to prevent serious fungal infections in children with weakened immune systems, particularly those with blood cancers or who have had bone marrow transplants. The researchers found that this medicine prevents infections in about 93% of children, though it does cause side effects like low potassium levels in about 23% of patients. However, the study shows that current use of this medicine is quite varied and more high-quality research is needed to determine the best dosing approach.

Chitosan and Chitooligosaccharide: The Promising Non-Plant-Derived Prebiotics with Multiple Biological Activities

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Chitosan and chitooligosaccharide are natural compounds derived from crustacean shells and fungi that act as prebiotics to improve gut health. These compounds can fight bacteria and viruses, reduce inflammation, protect against oxidative stress, and help maintain healthy weight and blood sugar levels. They represent a promising, biodegradable alternative to synthetic pharmaceuticals with multiple health benefits.

Introduction to XIV updating course of antimicrobials and infectious diseases

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Healthcare professionals gathered at a major conference in Madrid to learn about the latest advances in treating infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria and other pathogens. The course highlighted new antibiotic combinations that work against previously untreatable infections, faster ways to identify infections in emergency rooms and intensive care units, and modern treatment strategies based on scientific evidence. Speakers emphasized the importance of using antibiotics wisely, using personalized medicine approaches, and collaborating between laboratory scientists and clinicians to improve patient outcomes.

New Positive TRPC6 Modulator Penetrates Blood–Brain Barrier, Eliminates Synaptic Deficiency and Restores Memory Deficit in 5xFAD Mice

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Researchers developed a new drug candidate called C20 that activates TRPC6 proteins in the brain. In studies with Alzheimer’s disease mouse models, C20 protected nerve connections from damage, restored memory function, and successfully crossed the blood-brain barrier. The compound shows promise as a potential treatment for Alzheimer’s disease by strengthening the connections between brain cells that are damaged in the disease.

In Vitro Activity of Nitroxoline (5-Nitro-8-Hydroxyquinoline) Against Aspergillus Species

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Researchers tested an old antibiotic called nitroxoline against Aspergillus fungi that cause serious infections in immunocompromised patients. The drug works by removing zinc that the fungus needs to survive. The study found that nitroxoline was very effective against all tested fungal strains, including those resistant to modern antifungal drugs, suggesting it could potentially be repurposed as a new treatment option.

Successful management of Lomentospora prolificans septic arthritis and osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent child: A case report

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A 3-year-old healthy child developed a serious fungal bone and joint infection in the elbow after surgery to repair a broken arm bone. The fungus, called Lomentospora prolificans, is extremely resistant to most medications and can lead to limb amputation. Doctors saved the child’s arm by combining multiple approaches: repeated surgeries to clean out infected tissue, three different antifungal medications taken together, special antibiotic-loaded bone cement placed in the elbow, and antiseptic wound washing. After six months of treatment, the infection was cured and the child could use their arm again.

Clinical Outcomes of Micafungin for Invasive Fungal Infections in the Obese and Nonobese

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This study examined whether obese patients treated with the antifungal drug micafungin for serious fungal infections had different outcomes compared to non-obese patients. Researchers reviewed 378 patient cases and found that both groups had similar success rates of about 50%, suggesting that the standard dose of micafungin works equally well in obese and non-obese patients. These findings suggest that doctors do not need to prescribe higher doses of micafungin specifically for obese patients, though more research is needed to fully understand how obesity affects antifungal treatment.

Research Keyword: pharmacokinetics