oxidative stress – Page 9

The Biological Activity of Ganoderma lucidum on Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Interplay between Different Active Compounds and the Pathological Hallmarks

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Reishi mushroom, used in traditional Asian medicine for centuries, contains over 400 bioactive compounds that show promise in protecting the brain from degenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. The mushroom’s components work through multiple pathways to reduce inflammation, fight oxidative stress, and protect neurons from damage. While laboratory and animal studies show encouraging results, human clinical trials are needed to confirm its effectiveness as a treatment.

The Zn(II)2-Cys6-type zinc finger protein AoKap7 is involved in the growth, oxidative stress and kojic acid synthesis in Aspergillus oryzae

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Scientists studied a protein called AoKap7 in a fungus (Aspergillus oryzae) that produces kojic acid, a substance used in cosmetics and medicine. When they removed this protein, the fungus grew faster but made less kojic acid and became more vulnerable to stress. The researchers found that AoKap7 controls several genes that help the fungus protect itself from harmful molecules and produce kojic acid efficiently.

Anoectochilus roxburghii Extract Extends the Lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans through Activating the daf-16/FoxO Pathway

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Researchers studied a traditional Asian orchid plant (Anoectochilus roxburghii) and found it can extend the lifespan of laboratory worms by about 16% and help them resist stress from UV light and heat. The plant works by activating a specific genetic pathway that increases the worm’s natural antioxidant defenses, protecting cells from damage. These findings suggest the plant could potentially be developed into anti-aging products for humans.

Roles of NADPH oxidases in regulating redox homeostasis and pathogenesis of the poplar canker fungus Cytospora chrysosperma

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Poplar trees suffer from a serious fungal disease caused by Cytospora chrysosperma that devastates plantations. Scientists discovered that three genes controlling enzyme complexes called NADPH oxidases are critical for the fungus to cause disease. When these genes are removed, the fungus cannot produce enough of a toxic acid it uses to attack trees, and the fungus cells become stressed and damaged. These findings suggest new ways to control the disease by targeting these enzyme complexes.

Isolation and Antioxidant Mechanism of Polyphenols from Sanghuangporous vaninii

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Researchers found that a medicinal mushroom called Sanghuangporous vaninii grown on mulberry sawdust in China contains exceptionally high levels of polyphenols—powerful antioxidant compounds. They isolated and purified a particularly potent polyphenol mixture called HNMS3, which contains 33 different compounds. Through advanced molecular analysis, they discovered that HNMS3 works by activating eight key proteins in the body to fight oxidative stress, making it potentially beneficial for brain health and preventing nerve degeneration.

Expression of a novel NaD1 recombinant antimicrobial peptide enhances antifungal and insecticidal activities

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Scientists created a new genetically modified tobacco plant that produces a powerful natural pest-fighting protein called NaD1. By attaching special chitin-binding components to this protein, they made it stick better to fungal pathogens and insect digestive systems. When tested, these enhanced proteins killed fungi more effectively and caused higher mortality rates in crop-damaging insects, offering a promising natural alternative to chemical pesticides.

Educational Case: Acetaminophen hepatotoxicity: Pathophysiology and evaluation of acute liver failure

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This educational case describes how acetaminophen overdose causes severe liver damage leading to acute liver failure. The toxic form of acetaminophen damages liver cell mitochondria and causes widespread cell death, particularly in the center of liver lobules. Treatment with N-acetylcysteine within 24 hours of overdose significantly improves outcomes, though severe cases require liver transplantation.

Assessment of the Antitumor Activity of Green Biosynthesized Zinc Nanoparticles as Therapeutic Agent Against Renal Cancer in Rats

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Researchers created tiny zinc nanoparticles using an edible white mushroom through an environmentally friendly process. When tested in rats with kidney cancer, these nanoparticles significantly reduced tumor markers, protected kidney cells from oxidative damage, and triggered cancer cell death. The treatment improved kidney function and showed no toxic effects, suggesting it could be a promising new therapy for kidney cancer.

Molecular Regulation of Carotenoid Accumulation Enhanced by Oxidative Stress in the Food Industrial Strain Blakeslea trispora

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Researchers studied how stressful conditions can make a fungus called Blakeslea trispora produce more carotenoids, which are natural pigments used to color food products. When exposed to chemical stressors like rose bengal or hydrogen peroxide, the fungus produced significantly more carotenoids – up to four times more in some cases. The study identified specific genes and cellular pathways responsible for this increased production, which could help food companies produce natural food colorants more efficiently.

Ornithine enhances common bean growth and defense against white mold disease via interfering with SsOAH and diminishing the biosynthesis of oxalic acid in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

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Researchers found that L-ornithine, a naturally occurring amino acid, can help common bean plants defend themselves against white mold disease caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. When applied to bean plants, ornithine boosted their antioxidant defenses and interfered with the fungus’s ability to produce oxalic acid, a toxic compound it uses to infect plants. This discovery offers farmers a potential eco-friendly alternative to chemical fungicides for protecting bean crops.

Research Keyword: oxidative stress