oxidative stress – Page 2

Mitigating nickel-induced toxicity: the protective role of native probiotic strains on oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways in mice lung tissues

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This study examined how probiotic bacteria can protect lung tissue from damage caused by nickel exposure. Researchers gave mice nickel to cause oxidative stress and inflammation, then treated them with beneficial bacteria from four probiotic strains. The probiotics successfully reduced oxidative stress markers and inflammatory responses in the lung tissue by activating protective genes and deactivating inflammatory genes. This research suggests that probiotics could be a natural way to prevent lung damage from heavy metal exposure.

Targeting the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway: the active metabolites of botanical drugs represent potential strategies for treating metabolic-associated fatty liver disease

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Fatty liver disease is becoming increasingly common and current medications have side effects like dangerously low blood sugar. This review shows that natural plant-based compounds and traditional Chinese herbs can activate a key protein (AMPK) in the body that helps burn fat and regulate sugar levels. Over 30 different plant compounds from foods and herbs like ginger, curcumin, and ganoderma mushrooms have been shown to improve fatty liver disease by activating this protein through multiple beneficial mechanisms.

Therapeutic Potential of Bioactive Compounds in Edible Mushroom-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Isolation and Characterization of EVs from Pleurotus eryngii

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Researchers isolated tiny particles called extracellular vesicles (EVs) from a medicinal mushroom called king oyster mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii). These EVs act like natural delivery packages containing beneficial compounds like antioxidants and anti-inflammatory molecules. The study found that EVs from mushroom mycelium (the root-like part) were purer and more potent than those from the mushroom cap, with strong abilities to neutralize harmful free radicals in the body.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of neuroprotective antioxidants from Ganoderma lucidum

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This research studied how to best extract healing compounds from the reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum), an important traditional Chinese medicine. Using advanced extraction techniques and computer modeling, scientists identified optimal conditions that doubled the amount of beneficial antioxidants obtained compared to conventional methods. They then tested these extracts on nerve cells in the laboratory, demonstrating that the extracts effectively protected cells from oxidative damage and injury.

Integration of physio-biochemical, biological and molecular approaches to improve heavy metal tolerance in plants

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Heavy metals in soil can poison plants and damage crops, reducing food safety. Plants have natural defense systems that can be strengthened through adding minerals like silicon and boron, applying plant hormones, using specially designed nanoparticles, and improving soil quality. This review explains how different combinations of these approaches can help plants survive in contaminated soil and produce safer food.

Molecular Mechanisms of Emerging Antidepressant Strategies: From Ketamine to Neuromodulation

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Depression is a serious mental health condition affecting over 300 million people worldwide, with many patients not responding well to standard antidepressants. This review examines both traditional antidepressants like SSRIs and exciting new treatments including ketamine and psilocybin, as well as brain stimulation techniques. The key finding is that different treatments work through similar mechanisms—all ultimately enhancing brain cell connections and reducing inflammation—suggesting that combining different approaches might work better than single therapies.

A Review of Novel Antioxidant Ergothioneine: Biosynthesis Pathways, Production, Function and Food Applications

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Ergothioneine is a powerful natural antioxidant found mainly in mushrooms that protects cells from damage and may help prevent diseases like Alzheimer’s and heart disease. Currently, producing ergothioneine from mushrooms is expensive and slow, but scientists have developed faster fermentation methods using engineered microbes that could make it cheaper and more available. This compound can be added to foods and supplements to boost health benefits, and researchers are exploring its use beyond seafood to other food products like meat and baked goods.

Chitosan-mediated copper nanohybrid attenuates the virulence of a necrotrophic fungal pathogen Macrophomina phaseolina

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Researchers developed tiny copper particles coated with chitosan (a natural compound from shellfish) that effectively kill a destructive fungus called Macrophomina phaseolina, which damages hundreds of plant species worldwide. When used at the right concentration, these nanoparticles completely stopped the fungus from growing while causing minimal damage to plants. This innovation offers a promising natural alternative to traditional chemical fungicides for protecting crops while being more environmentally friendly and sustainable.

Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils and Gastric Cancer Risk: Molecular Insights and the Relevance of a One Health Perspective

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Heavy metals like cadmium, arsenic, and lead contaminate agricultural soils and accumulate in crops such as rice and vegetables, which people consume as part of their daily diet. These metals damage stomach cell DNA and trigger inflammation, increasing cancer risk, especially when combined with bacterial infections like H. pylori. A comprehensive approach monitoring soil quality, crop safety, and human health together can help prevent this disease and protect communities from contamination.

The phenol-2-monooxygenase FgPhm1 regulates DON synthesis, pathogenicity and environmental stress response in Fusarium graminearum

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Researchers studied a fungal protein called FgPhm1 in a wheat-infecting fungus that produces harmful toxins called DON. By deleting this gene, they found that the fungus became unable to infect plants and produce toxins, making it less dangerous. The protein also helps the fungus handle stress conditions, and removing it makes the fungus sensitive to oxidative stress while paradoxically tolerant to phenol.

Research Keyword: oxidative stress