oxidative stress – Page 11

A Possible Involvement of Sialidase in the Cell Response of the Antarctic Fungus Penicillium griseofulvum P29 to Oxidative Stress

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Scientists studied a fungus from Antarctica to understand how it survives in extremely cold conditions. They discovered that when exposed to cold temperatures, this fungus produces more of an enzyme called sialidase, which appears to help protect cells from damage caused by reactive oxygen molecules. This finding adds to our understanding of how microorganisms adapt and survive in the world’s harshest environments.

Is metabolic generalism the Breakfast of Champions for pathogenic Candida species?

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This review examines how different Candida species, including the common cause of yeast infections (C. albicans) and the more dangerous bloodstream pathogen (C. glabrata), survive in the human body. While most pathogenic Candida species are metabolic generalists that can eat many different nutrients, the review shows that C. glabrata is a specialist that has found alternative strategies to thrive. Understanding these metabolic strategies is important for developing better treatments and fighting antifungal resistance.

Isolation and Characterization of a Native Metarhizium rileyi Strain Mrpgbm2408 from Paralipsa gularis in Maize: First Data on Efficacy and Enzymatic Host Response Dynamics

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Scientists in China discovered a naturally occurring fungus (Metarhizium rileyi) that effectively kills a destructive maize pest called Paralipsa gularis. When the fungus infects the pest larvae, it disrupts their natural defense enzymes and causes high mortality rates. This fungus could replace harmful chemical pesticides and provide a sustainable way to protect crops while protecting the environment.

Alternative oxidase gene induced by nitric oxide is involved in the regulation of ROS and enhances the resistance of Pleurotus ostreatus to heat stress

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Oyster mushrooms are commonly grown in controlled facilities but struggle with high summer temperatures. This study found that a molecule called nitric oxide helps mushroom cells survive heat stress by activating a special protein called alternative oxidase (AOX), which reduces harmful molecules called reactive oxygen species. By understanding this mechanism, growers may be able to improve mushroom cultivation and yield during hot weather.

Flammulina velutipes stem regulates oxidative damage and synthesis of yolk precursors in aging laying hens by regulating the liver–blood–ovary axis

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This study shows that adding golden needle mushroom stems to the feed of aging laying hens improves egg production by reducing oxidative damage and boosting reproductive hormones. The mushroom stem, normally a waste product, works through a liver-ovary signaling pathway to enhance the production of yolk-building proteins and improve the quality and number of developing eggs. The treatment was particularly effective at doses of 4-6% supplementation and also had beneficial side effects like reducing abdominal fat and improving eggshell thickness.

Armillaria mellea Mycelia Alleviate PM2.5-Induced Pulmonary Inflammation in Murine Models

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This study found that Armillaria mellea mushroom mycelia can help protect lungs from damage caused by PM2.5 air pollution. When tested in both laboratory cells and mice, the mushroom extract reduced inflammatory responses and restored healthy lung function. The protective effects work by reducing harmful inflammatory molecules and blocking inflammatory signaling pathways. These findings suggest A. mellea could be developed into a natural supplement to help protect respiratory health in areas with poor air quality.

Unveiling microRNA-like small RNAs implicated in the initial infection of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense through small RNA sequencing

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Researchers discovered specific small RNA molecules produced by the fungus that causes banana wilt disease. These molecular signals, particularly one called milR106, are critical for the fungus’s ability to infect and damage banana plants. By understanding how these molecules work, scientists can develop better strategies to protect banana crops from this devastating disease that threatens global banana production.

A Zn2-Cys6 transcription factor, TgZct4, reprograms antioxidant activity in the fungus Trichoderma guizhouense to defend against oxidative stress

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A fungal biocontrol agent called Trichoderma guizhouense uses a special protein called TgZct4 to protect itself from harmful oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide. When the fungus encounters this stress, TgZct4 activates a series of antioxidant enzymes that neutralize the damaging reactive oxygen species. This discovery helps explain how this beneficial fungus can survive and control plant diseases in harsh soil environments, potentially improving its use as an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical pesticides.

Editorial: Highlights of the 1st Fun-Ex Conference: evolution, biodiversity, taxonomy and genomics of extremophilic and extremotolerant fungi

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Fungi that live in extreme environments like deserts, frozen Antarctic valleys, and salt lakes have evolved remarkable survival strategies. Scientists gathered at the 1st Fun-Ex Conference to share discoveries about how these tough fungi handle stress, what makes them diverse, and how we might use them to clean up pollution or help crops grow in harsh conditions. This research shows that these extraordinary organisms could unlock new solutions for environmental and agricultural challenges.

Persister cells in human fungal pathogens

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Some fungal infections fail to respond to antifungal drugs even when the fungus should be susceptible to treatment. This happens because certain fungal cells can enter a dormant ‘sleep-like’ state that helps them survive drug exposure. These dormant cells, called persisters, are able to hide from medications by reducing their metabolism and enhancing their protective defenses. Understanding how these persister cells form and survive could lead to better treatments for serious fungal infections.

Research Keyword: oxidative stress