neuroinflammation – Page 4

Cerebral Hypoxia-Induced Molecular Alterations and Their Impact on the Physiology of Neurons and Dendritic Spines: A Comprehensive Review

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This review explains how low oxygen levels in the brain damage nerve cells and their connection points (dendritic spines) through a cascade of molecular changes. The brain normally has protective mechanisms, but severe or prolonged hypoxia overwhelms these defenses, leading to memory loss and cognitive problems. Several molecular pathways and supporting cells called astrocytes and microglia can help protect neurons. Understanding these protective mechanisms may lead to new treatments for brain conditions caused by low oxygen, such as stroke.

Primary cilia in the mature brain: emerging roles in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis

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Primary cilia are small hair-like structures on brain cells that act like sensory antennas, helping regulate memory and thinking ability. In Alzheimer’s disease, these structures become abnormally shaped and function poorly, contributing to memory loss and cognitive decline. The shape and function of primary cilia change as the brain ages and when amyloid plaques develop, suggesting they could be targeted with new treatments to slow Alzheimer’s progression.

Mechanisms of Talaromyces marneffei induced CNS injury: Synergistic roles of tauopathy, pyroptosis, and microglial inflammation

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A dangerous fungus called Talaromyces marneffei can invade the brain and cause serious damage in people with weakened immune systems. The study shows the fungus harms brain cells through two pathways: direct damage to neurons and indirect damage through activation of brain immune cells that release harmful inflammatory chemicals. Understanding these mechanisms could help develop better treatments for this life-threatening infection.

Exercise improves depressive-like behavior in adolescent mice by regulating sphingosine and ceramide metabolism through microglial CerS1

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Regular exercise, especially high-intensity training, can help improve depression symptoms in young people by changing how immune cells in the brain function. The study shows that exercise increases production of a specific enzyme (CerS1) in microglia, which are the brain’s immune cells. This enzyme helps balance certain fatty molecules that reduce brain inflammation, ultimately improving mood and reducing depression-like behaviors. The findings suggest exercise works similarly to antidepressant medications for adolescent depression.

Natural Neuroinflammatory Modulators: Therapeutic Potential of Fungi-Derived Compounds in Selected Neurodegenerative Diseases

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This comprehensive review explores how compounds found in mushrooms could help treat serious brain diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Mushrooms contain natural substances such as certain carbohydrates, proteins, and fats that can reduce harmful inflammation in the brain and protect nerve cells from damage. Scientists have tested these mushroom-derived compounds in laboratory and animal models, finding they can improve memory, movement, and overall brain function. This research suggests mushrooms could become an important part of new treatments for these currently incurable neurological conditions.

The progress of the microbe-gut-brain axis in sepsis-associated encephalopathy

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Sepsis can cause brain dysfunction called sepsis-associated encephalopathy, leading to memory problems and confusion in about one-third to two-thirds of sepsis patients. The bacteria in your gut communicate with your brain through multiple pathways, and when sepsis disrupts this communication, it causes harmful inflammation in the brain. Treatments like probiotics and transplanting healthy gut bacteria from donors show promise in animal studies and early human trials for improving memory and cognitive function after sepsis.

Immunomodulatory natural polysaccharide-based nanoparticles for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases

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Scientists are developing tiny particles made from natural sugar-based compounds that can deliver medicine to the brain while reducing inflammation caused by neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. These nanoparticles are special because they can cross the protective barrier surrounding the brain and carry therapeutic compounds directly to where they’re needed. The natural polysaccharides used to make these particles have built-in anti-inflammatory properties, making them safer and more effective than traditional approaches. This innovative technology shows promise for treating currently difficult-to-manage brain diseases.

Cordyceps militaris and Armillaria mellea formula alleviates depressive behaviors via microglia regulation in an unpredictable chronic mild stress animal model

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Two medicinal mushrooms, Cordyceps militaris and Armillaria mellea, when combined as a formula, can help reduce depression-like symptoms in stressed animals. The formula works by balancing immune cells in the brain called microglia and restoring normal chemical messenger function. This treatment shows promise as a natural alternative to conventional antidepressants with fewer side effects.

Three Different Types of β-Glucans Enhance Cognition: The Role of the Gut-Brain Axis

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Researchers tested three types of β-glucans—fiber compounds found in mushrooms, oats, and other foods—to see if they could improve memory in mice. All three types enhanced recognition memory and reduced brain inflammation, while only oat β-glucan significantly changed gut bacteria composition. The findings suggest that different β-glucans may help prevent cognitive decline through different mechanisms involving the gut-brain connection.

Research Keyword: neuroinflammation