Research Keyword: neurodegeneration

Calcineurin-mediated regulation of growth-associated protein 43 is essential for neurite and synapse formation and protects against α-synuclein-induced degeneration

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Researchers discovered that a specific protein called GAP-43 plays a crucial role in protecting brain cells from damage caused by α-synuclein, a protein involved in Parkinson’s Disease. When GAP-43 is modified through a process called phosphorylation at certain sites, it promotes the growth of neurites (neural connections) and formation of healthy synapses. The drug FK506, already approved by the FDA, appears to work by controlling this phosphorylation process, offering potential therapeutic benefits for Parkinson’s patients.

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Intrinsic determinants of prion protein neurotoxicity in Drosophila: from sequence to (dys)function

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Prion diseases are deadly brain conditions caused by misfolded proteins. This study used computer simulations and fruit fly experiments to understand how tiny changes in prion protein structure affect its ability to cause disease. Researchers found that proteins with flexible loops are more toxic, while those with more rigid structures cause less damage, suggesting new ways to develop treatments by stabilizing the protein’s structure.

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Primary cilia in the mature brain: emerging roles in Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis

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Primary cilia are small hair-like structures on brain cells that act like sensory antennas, helping regulate memory and thinking ability. In Alzheimer’s disease, these structures become abnormally shaped and function poorly, contributing to memory loss and cognitive decline. The shape and function of primary cilia change as the brain ages and when amyloid plaques develop, suggesting they could be targeted with new treatments to slow Alzheimer’s progression.

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Mechanisms of Talaromyces marneffei induced CNS injury: Synergistic roles of tauopathy, pyroptosis, and microglial inflammation

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A dangerous fungus called Talaromyces marneffei can invade the brain and cause serious damage in people with weakened immune systems. The study shows the fungus harms brain cells through two pathways: direct damage to neurons and indirect damage through activation of brain immune cells that release harmful inflammatory chemicals. Understanding these mechanisms could help develop better treatments for this life-threatening infection.

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Transcriptional programs mediating neuronal toxicity and altered glial–neuronal signaling in a Drosophila knock-in tauopathy model

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Researchers created a fruit fly model of frontotemporal dementia by editing the tau gene to match a human disease mutation. Using advanced genetic sequencing technology, they analyzed how this mutation affects brain cells, discovering that it disrupts communication between nerve cells and support cells called glia. The study reveals multiple pathways that could be targeted with future treatments to combat this devastating brain disease.

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Natural Neuroinflammatory Modulators: Therapeutic Potential of Fungi-Derived Compounds in Selected Neurodegenerative Diseases

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This comprehensive review explores how compounds found in mushrooms could help treat serious brain diseases like Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Mushrooms contain natural substances such as certain carbohydrates, proteins, and fats that can reduce harmful inflammation in the brain and protect nerve cells from damage. Scientists have tested these mushroom-derived compounds in laboratory and animal models, finding they can improve memory, movement, and overall brain function. This research suggests mushrooms could become an important part of new treatments for these currently incurable neurological conditions.

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