Research Keyword: macrophage

Protein kinase A signaling regulates immune evasion by shaving and concealing fungal β-1,3-glucan

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Candida albicans, a common fungal pathogen, uses a clever strategy to hide from the immune system by masking a molecule on its surface that would normally trigger an immune response. Researchers used both computer modeling and laboratory experiments to show that this hiding strategy involves two main processes: the fungus grows and exposes the molecule, while simultaneously using enzymes to shave it away. They found that a cellular signaling pathway called PKA is essential for activating these shaving enzymes in response to lactate, a signal from the host environment.

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β-chitosan attenuates hepatic macrophage-driven inflammation and reverses aging-related cognitive impairment

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Researchers found that β-chitosan, a compound extracted from squid parietal bone, can reverse age-related memory and learning problems in mice, zebrafish, and worms. The compound works by reducing excessive inflammation in the liver and lowering inflammatory chemicals in the blood, which in turn reduces brain inflammation. This discovery suggests a direct connection between liver health and brain aging, and β-chitosan may offer a new therapeutic approach for age-related cognitive decline.

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Structure and Bioactivity of Intracellular and Extracellular Polysaccharides of Trametes lactinea Mycelium

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Researchers extracted and studied polysaccharides from Trametes lactinea mushroom mycelium grown in liquid culture. They found that these polysaccharides have strong antioxidant properties and can boost immune cell function, with the intracellular polysaccharide IP-3 showing the most promising results. These findings suggest that polysaccharides from mushroom fermentation could have potential health benefits and could be developed into medicinal supplements.

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Hyphal swelling induced in the phagosome of macrophages

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When Candida albicans yeast cells are engulfed by immune cells called macrophages, they transform into thread-like hyphae. Researchers discovered that these hyphae sometimes develop swollen, bulbous compartments rather than maintaining their normal shape. Surprisingly, these swollen fungal cells survive much better inside the hostile macrophage environment than normal-shaped hyphae. This swelling appears to be a clever survival strategy that helps the fungus resist being killed by the immune system.

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Three-phase extraction of polysaccharide from Stropharia rugosoannulata: Process optimization, structural characterization and bioactivities

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Researchers developed an efficient new method called three-phase extraction to isolate beneficial compounds called polysaccharides from wine cap mushrooms (Stropharia rugosoannulata). These polysaccharides showed strong antioxidant properties and boosted immune cell activity in laboratory tests by triggering specific cellular pathways. The findings suggest these mushroom extracts could become useful ingredients in functional foods or medicines to support immune health.

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