Research Keyword: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

Mushrooms, Microdosing, and Mental Illness: The Effect of Psilocybin on Neurotransmitters, Neuroinflammation, and Neuroplasticity

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This review examines how psilocybin, the active compound in certain mushrooms, may help treat depression and anxiety by reducing brain inflammation and promoting healthy neurotransmitter function. Both full doses under medical supervision and smaller ‘microdoses’ show promise for mental health conditions. The research suggests psilocybin works by calming the immune system’s inflammatory response while simultaneously supporting the brain’s natural healing and adaptation processes, offering a potential alternative treatment when standard medications don’t work.

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Exploring Molecular Changes in the Extended Amygdala Induced by Chronic Corticosterone Administration

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Researchers studied how prolonged stress hormone exposure affects the brain’s emotional center in mice. They found that chronic corticosterone treatment caused depression-like behaviors and specific molecular changes in different parts of the amygdala, a brain region crucial for processing emotions. These findings help explain how chronic stress disrupts the brain’s normal stress-regulation system and contributes to depression and other psychiatric conditions.

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The Immune Mind: Linking Dietary Patterns, Microbiota, and Psychological Health

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This review shows that what we eat significantly affects our mental health through our gut bacteria and immune system. Mediterranean-style diets rich in vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats can help reduce depression and anxiety symptoms. Conversely, ultra-processed foods with added sugars and artificial ingredients increase the risk of mental health problems. Specific probiotic supplements may also provide modest benefits for mood by promoting beneficial gut bacteria.

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The psychedelic-peptide paradox: a hormetic hypothesis

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This review explores how psychedelic drugs like LSD and psilocybin work through the body’s natural stress-response systems, particularly two brain chemicals called oxytocin and vasopressin. It explains why psychedelics initially cause uncomfortable feelings like nausea and anxiety, but these are followed by improved mood, sociability, and emotional healing. The theory suggests that this initial ‘stress’ response triggers the body’s natural healing mechanisms, similar to how physical exercise makes you uncomfortable initially but builds strength over time.

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The progress of the microbe-gut-brain axis in sepsis-associated encephalopathy

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Sepsis can cause brain dysfunction called sepsis-associated encephalopathy, leading to memory problems and confusion in about one-third to two-thirds of sepsis patients. The bacteria in your gut communicate with your brain through multiple pathways, and when sepsis disrupts this communication, it causes harmful inflammation in the brain. Treatments like probiotics and transplanting healthy gut bacteria from donors show promise in animal studies and early human trials for improving memory and cognitive function after sepsis.

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