Gene expression regulation – Page 2

Regulation and functions of alternative polyadenylation in fungi

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This review explains how fungi use a process called alternative polyadenylation to create different versions of proteins from the same gene. Think of it like different recipes using the same ingredients but with different instructions. This process is important for fungal survival, growth, and ability to cause disease. Scientists are developing new tools and techniques to study this process, which could lead to better treatments for fungal infections.

Integrated Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Provide Insight into Degeneration-Related Molecular Mechanisms of Morchella importuna During Repeated Subculturing

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Morel mushrooms (Morchella importuna) lose quality when repeatedly grown from cultured samples, a process called strain degeneration. Scientists found that degenerated strains have lower levels of beneficial compounds called flavonoids, which normally protect mushroom cells from damage. By studying gene expression and metabolite changes, researchers identified a specific gene responsible for making these protective flavonoids, which becomes less active in degenerated strains. This research suggests that avoiding frequent reculturing and maintaining cold storage or adding antioxidants could help preserve healthy morel mushroom strains.

Citric Acid Induces the Increase in Lenthionine Content in Shiitake Mushroom, Lentinula edodes

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Shiitake mushrooms are prized for their unique flavor, which comes from a compound called lenthionine. This study found that treating shiitake mushrooms with citric acid (a common ingredient in food) can significantly increase the amount of lenthionine produced. The research identified the specific genes and enzymes responsible for this effect and determined the best conditions for the treatment, which could help mushroom producers create higher-quality, better-tasting products at lower cost.

Low temperature, mechanical wound, and exogenous salicylic acid (SA) can stimulate the SA signaling molecule as well as its downstream pathway and the formation of fruiting bodies in Flammulina filiformis

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Researchers studied how cooling, physical damage, and a plant hormone called salicylic acid can trigger fruiting body formation in an edible mushroom called Flammulina filiformis. They discovered that these treatments activate specific genes in the mushroom that control fruit production. This research helps explain why mushroom farmers use these methods and could improve mushroom cultivation efficiency.

Alternative oxidase gene induced by nitric oxide is involved in the regulation of ROS and enhances the resistance of Pleurotus ostreatus to heat stress

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Oyster mushrooms are commonly grown in controlled facilities but struggle with high summer temperatures. This study found that a molecule called nitric oxide helps mushroom cells survive heat stress by activating a special protein called alternative oxidase (AOX), which reduces harmful molecules called reactive oxygen species. By understanding this mechanism, growers may be able to improve mushroom cultivation and yield during hot weather.

Caged-hypocrellin mediated photodynamic therapy induces chromatin remodeling and disrupts mitochondrial energy metabolism in multidrug-resistant Candida auris

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Researchers developed a new photodynamic therapy treatment using a light-activated compound called COP1T-HA to fight drug-resistant Candida auris infections. The therapy works by reorganizing the fungal cell’s genetic material architecture and disrupting energy production in mitochondria, ultimately killing the fungal cells. This approach represents a novel strategy to overcome antibiotic resistance, as it targets multiple cellular processes rather than a single pathway that fungi can easily resist.

Positive interaction between melatonin and methyl jasmonate enhances Fusarium wilt resistance in Citrullus lanatus

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Researchers discovered that two natural plant signaling molecules, melatonin and methyl jasmonate, work together to protect watermelons from a devastating fungal disease called Fusarium wilt. When applied to watermelon plants at the right concentrations, these molecules trigger the plant’s natural defense mechanisms, making the plants more resistant to infection. The study shows these compounds can be used as natural, sustainable alternatives to chemical pesticides for protecting crops.

Deoxynucleosides as promising antimicrobial agents against foodborne pathogens and their applications in food and contact material surfaces

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Researchers found that two nucleoside compounds (ddA and FdCyd) can effectively kill harmful bacteria like Vibrio and Salmonella that form slimy biofilms on seafood and food preparation surfaces. These compounds work by damaging bacterial cell membranes and preventing bacteria from communicating with each other. When combined with a food additive already used in the meat industry, these nucleosides become even more effective at much lower doses, potentially making food safer while reducing residual chemical effects.

Citric acid impairs type B trichothecene biosynthesis of Fusarium graminearum but enhances its growth and pigment biosynthesis: transcriptomic and proteomic analyses

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Researchers discovered that citric acid, a natural acid found in plant roots and commonly used in agriculture, can reduce the production of dangerous mycotoxins called trichothecenes that contaminate wheat and corn crops. While citric acid surprisingly boosts the fungus’s growth and changes its color, it simultaneously shuts down the genes responsible for producing these toxic compounds. This discovery could help farmers use citric acid more strategically to prevent Fusarium head blight, a devastating crop disease, though care must be taken since it also promotes fungal growth.

Research Keyword: Gene expression regulation