Research Keyword: epigenetics

New perspective on sustained antidepressant effect: focus on neurexins regulating synaptic plasticity

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This review explores how hallucinogens like ketamine and psilocybin produce long-lasting antidepressant effects by changing how brain cells communicate. The key mechanism involves special molecules called neurexins that sit at the connections between neurons and control whether those connections strengthen or weaken. By understanding and potentially targeting neurexins, scientists hope to develop new depression treatments that work longer and more effectively than current medications.

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Molecular mechanisms of metal toxicity and transcriptional/post-transcriptional regulation in plant model systems

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Plants face serious damage from heavy metals like cadmium, arsenic, and chromium in contaminated soils and water. Scientists are discovering how plants defend themselves through changes in gene expression, special proteins that trap metals, and modifications to their DNA that control stress response genes. Understanding these natural defense mechanisms could help us develop crops that survive in polluted environments and remove heavy metals from contaminated areas, making food safer and protecting human health.

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Chronic pain as an emergent property of a complex system and the potential roles of psychedelic therapies

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Chronic pain affects millions of people and is often resistant to current treatments. This paper suggests that chronic pain emerges from interconnected biological, psychological, and social factors working together as a complex system. The authors propose that psychedelic-assisted therapies could help by breaking rigid thought and behavior patterns that maintain pain, allowing the brain and mind to reorganize in healthier ways, similar to how mindfulness meditation works but potentially more dramatically.

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Adaptive Changes and Genetic Mechanisms in Organisms Under Controlled Conditions: A Review

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Organisms adapt to their environments through changes in their genes and how genes are expressed, processes that can happen over many generations even in laboratory settings. Scientists study these adaptations in fungi, insects, and plants grown under controlled conditions to understand how evolution works over shorter timeframes. The research shows that both genetic mutations and modifications to how genes work (without changing DNA itself) drive these adaptive changes. Understanding these mechanisms helps scientists improve crop productivity, develop disease resistance, and address environmental challenges like climate change.

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Exploring the Critical Environmental Optima and Biotechnological Prospects of Fungal Fruiting Bodies

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This research identifies the ideal growing conditions for fungal fruiting bodies like mushrooms, showing that temperature around 25°C, high humidity, and proper light exposure are key factors. The study reveals that exceeding these optimal conditions typically harms development more than staying slightly below them. Scientists discovered that fungal fruiting bodies have important uses in medicine, food production, and environmental cleanup, and new genetic technologies like CRISPR could improve cultivation methods for better yields and quality.

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