Epigenetic modification

Clinically proven natural products against breast cancer, with mechanistic insights

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This comprehensive review examines ten natural products that have been proven in clinical studies to help fight breast cancer. These products—including omega-3 fatty acids from fish, compounds in broccoli sprouts, garlic, soy, curcumin from turmeric, and green tea—work by triggering cancer cells to self-destruct, stopping their growth, and preventing blood vessel formation that feeds tumors. What makes these findings especially promising is that these natural products appear to work well alongside conventional treatments while causing minimal side effects, offering patients additional options for managing this serious disease.

Effect of Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid and Phytosulfokine-Alpha on Successful Plant Regeneration from Embryogenic Callus-Derived Protoplasts of Garlic (Allium sativum L.)

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Scientists developed a new method to grow garlic plants from isolated plant cells (protoplasts), overcoming previous challenges in this difficult technique. They used special chemicals called SAHA and phytosulfokine to help cells divide and develop into complete plants. The new protocol successfully regenerated over 1,100 garlic plants with a 70% success rate for surviving outside the laboratory, offering new possibilities for garlic breeding and genetic improvement.

Two Subunits of the Rpd3 Histone Deacetylase Complex of Cochliobolus heterostrophus Are Essential for Nitrosative Stress Response and Virulence, and Interact With Stress-Response Regulators ChHog1 and ChCrz1

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Scientists discovered that two proteins called ChPho23 and ChSds3 help a fungus that causes corn disease survive attacks by the plant’s immune system. These proteins work together with other cellular signals to help the fungus protect itself from harmful nitrogen-based compounds. When these proteins are removed, the fungus becomes weaker and less able to infect corn plants, suggesting these proteins could be potential targets for developing new fungicides.

ThIPK1 regulates lignocellulolytic enzyme expression during wood degradation in white-rot fungi

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White-rot fungi are nature’s recyclers, breaking down dead wood and playing a vital role in forest ecosystems. Researchers discovered that a protein called ThIPK1 acts like a molecular switch that detects chemicals in wood (lignin monomers) and turns on the genes that produce wood-destroying enzymes. This happens through a sophisticated signaling system and changes in how DNA is packaged, allowing the fungus to adapt and efficiently degrade wood.

A Novel Erinacine S Derivative from Hericium erinaceus Overcomes Chemoresistance in Colorectal Cancer Cells by Enhancing TRAIL/TNFR1/DR5 Expression through Histone Acetylation

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This study shows that erinacine S, a natural compound from Lion’s Mane mushrooms, can help overcome drug resistance in colorectal cancer cells. The compound works by activating pathways that trigger cancer cell death and by modifying how genes are expressed at the molecular level. In both laboratory experiments and animal models, erinacine S successfully stopped tumor growth and killed resistant cancer cells, suggesting it could be a promising natural treatment for patients with hard-to-treat colorectal cancer.

A Novel Erinacine S Derivative from Hericium erinaceus Overcomes Chemoresistance in Colorectal Cancer Cells by Enhancing TRAIL/TNFR1/DR5 Expression through Histone Acetylation

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Researchers found that erinacine S, a compound from Lion’s Mane mushroom, can help kill colorectal cancer cells that have become resistant to chemotherapy drugs. The compound works by activating death pathways in cancer cells and modifying how genes are expressed. In mouse studies, erinacine S significantly reduced tumor growth compared to standard chemotherapy alone. This suggests Lion’s Mane mushroom derivatives could potentially be developed as a natural treatment option for patients with drug-resistant colorectal cancer.

Comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms conferring resistance to phenamacril in the Fusarium species

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Fusarium fungi cause serious diseases in crops like wheat, rice, and vegetables worldwide, leading to significant food losses and contamination with harmful toxins. Phenamacril is a modern fungicide designed to fight these fungi by targeting a specific protein called myosin-5. However, the fungi have developed resistance to this fungicide through genetic changes and other mechanisms, making it less effective over time. Farmers need to use multiple strategies including crop rotation and resistant plant varieties rather than relying only on fungicides to successfully manage these diseases.

Identification and functional analysis of the SET domain-containing gene family in Cordyceps militaris

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Researchers identified 22 genes in the medicinal fungus Cordyceps militaris that control how genetic information is accessed through histone modifications. By studying how these genes respond to salt and amino acid treatments, they found that two specific genes (CmSET14 and CmSET16) are linked to cordycepin production, a compound with potential anti-cancer properties. When these genes were enhanced in the fungus, cordycepin production increased significantly, offering a new strategy to boost production of this valuable medicinal compound.

Research Keyword: Epigenetic modification