enzymatic degradation – Page 2

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) biodegradation by a lignolytic phenoloxidase of Trametes hirsuta

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Scientists discovered that a mushroom called Trametes hirsuta produces a special enzyme that can break down aflatoxin B1, a dangerous toxin that contaminates foods like peanuts, corn, and nuts. This enzyme is unique because it works without needing additional chemicals as helpers, making it practical for real-world use. The enzyme successfully degraded 77.9% of the toxin under simple conditions, and researchers suggest it could be applied directly to contaminated food surfaces as a safe, natural way to reduce food poisoning risks.

The impact of novel bacterial strains and their consortium on diflufenican degradation in the mineral medium and soil

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Scientists isolated four types of bacteria from agricultural soil that can break down diflufenican, a persistent weed-killer chemical that normally takes years to degrade. When these four bacteria work together as a team, they can eliminate over 82% of the herbicide in soil within four weeks. This discovery could provide a practical solution for cleaning up farmland contaminated with this stubborn chemical pollutant.

Actinomycetes in the spotlight: biodiversity and their role in bioremediation

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Actinomycetes are bacteria that naturally occur in soil and marine environments and have unique abilities to break down harmful pollutants like heavy metals, oil, pesticides, and dyes. These microorganisms use specialized enzymes and mechanisms to remove or transform toxic substances, making them promising candidates for cleaning up contaminated environments. Combining multiple strains together and using modern genetic engineering could make these bacteria even more effective for large-scale environmental cleanup projects.

Using Fungi in Artificial Microbial Consortia to Solve Bioremediation Problems

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This review explores how combinations of fungi and other microorganisms can clean up polluted soil and water more effectively than using individual microbes alone. Fungi are particularly valuable because they produce powerful enzymes that can break down toxic substances like heavy metals, dyes, pesticides, and plastics. By carefully designing microbial teams and sometimes immobilizing them in gels or on materials, scientists can achieve much higher removal rates of pollutants while maintaining environmental safety.

A comprehensive review of mycotoxins, their toxicity, and innovative detoxification methods

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Mycotoxins are poisons produced by molds that commonly contaminate foods like grains, nuts, and spices, causing serious health problems in people and animals. This comprehensive review examines how these toxins affect our health, how to detect them in food, and various methods to remove or destroy them. Traditional approaches using biological agents and chemicals work well but are only partially effective, while newer innovative methods using nanoparticles and plant extracts show greater promise for more complete protection of our food supply.

Novel Approach in Biodegradation of Synthetic Thermoplastic Polymers: An Overview

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This review explores how microorganisms like fungi and bacteria can break down plastic waste, which is a major environmental problem. Plastic bags and packaging materials take thousands of years to decompose naturally, but certain fungi produce special enzymes that can degrade plastics more quickly. The research suggests that using biodegradable plastics and microbial degradation could be promising solutions to reduce plastic pollution in soil and marine environments.

Production of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) from some waste lignocellulosic materials and FTIR characterization of structural changes

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Researchers successfully grew oyster mushrooms on hazelnut branch waste, a byproduct previously burned or discarded in Turkey. The mushrooms grown on hazelnut branches produced higher yields than traditional wheat straw substrates. Scientists used specialized analysis to show how the fungus breaks down the plant material’s structure. This finding suggests a practical way to recycle agricultural waste while producing nutritious food.

Use of Ganoderma lucidum grown on agricultural waste to remove antibiotics from water

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Researchers discovered that a type of mushroom called Ganoderma lucidum can help clean water contaminated with antibiotics. When the mushroom is grown on leftover agricultural materials like almond shells and coffee grounds, its root-like structure can remove certain antibiotics from water in just three days. This offers a cheap and sustainable way to address antibiotic pollution that contributes to antibiotic-resistant infections.

Pleurotus spp.—an effective way in degradation mycotoxins? A comprehensive review

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This review examines how oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus species) can break down mycotoxins—harmful compounds produced by molds in food and animal feed. These mushrooms produce special enzymes that can degrade toxins like aflatoxins and zearalenone, potentially reaching 30-100% degradation depending on conditions. This offers a safer, more environmentally friendly alternative to chemical detoxification methods currently used in the food industry.

Characterization of Self-Growing Biomaterials Made of Fungal Mycelium and Various Lignocellulose-Containing Ingredients

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Scientists developed environmentally-friendly foam-like materials by growing mushroom mycelium (the root-like network of fungi) on agricultural waste like hemp and sawdust. These natural composites are strong, biodegradable, and can be used for packaging or insulation instead of plastic foam. However, they absorb water easily and can develop mold if exposed to moisture, so they need protective coatings for some applications.

Research Keyword: enzymatic degradation