disease management – Page 4

Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Lasiodiplodia theobromae Causing Stem Gummosis Disease in Rubber Trees and Its Chemical Control Strategies

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Rubber trees in China experienced a serious stem gummosis disease that caused bark cracking and latex leakage in 2023. Scientists identified the fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae as the cause through laboratory and molecular tests. They successfully treated the disease using a combination of copper-based fungicides applied to tree trunks and roots, preventing further damage to the trees.

Biocontrol of Seedborne Fungi on Small-Grained Cereals Using Bacillus halotolerans Strain B33

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Researchers discovered that a bacterium called Bacillus halotolerans strain B33 can effectively prevent harmful fungi from damaging cereal seeds like wheat, barley, oats, and rye. When seeds were treated with this beneficial bacterium, it successfully eliminated or greatly reduced three dangerous fungal pathogens while also helping the seeds germinate better. This natural approach offers a promising environmentally-friendly alternative to chemical fungicides for protecting grain crops.

Diaporthe foeniculina and D. eres, in addition to D. ampelina, may cause Phomopsis cane and leaf spot disease in grapevine

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Researchers found that three different fungal species, not just one, cause a disease called Phomopsis cane and leaf spot in grapevines grown in Southern Europe. While Diaporthe ampelina remains the primary culprit, two other species (D. eres and D. foeniculina) can also cause the same disease symptoms. Interestingly, these different fungi prefer different temperatures for growth, which means farmers may need to adjust their disease management strategies based on which species is present in their vineyards.

Cinchona-based liquid formulation exhibits antifungal activity through Tryptophan starvation and disruption of mitochondrial respiration in Rhizoctonia Solani

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Scientists tested a plant-based extract from Cinchona bark as a natural fungicide against a serious fungus that damages rice crops. The active ingredient, quinine, works by two methods: it blocks the fungus from getting the amino acid tryptophan it needs to survive, and it damages the fungus’s energy-producing structures. When researchers added tryptophan back to the treated fungus, it recovered, confirming this is how the treatment works. This natural fungicide could offer farmers an eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides.

Analysis of the Differences in Rhizosphere Microbial Communities and Pathogen Adaptability in Chili Root Rot Disease Between Continuous Cropping and Rotation Cropping Systems

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Rotating crops (chili with cotton) instead of continuously planting chili improves soil health by increasing helpful bacteria like Bacillus and reducing harmful fungi like Fusarium that cause root rot disease. Researchers studied how different cropping systems change the mix of microorganisms in soil around plant roots and identified two main disease-causing fungi. This research shows that crop rotation is a natural, chemical-free way to prevent chili disease and maintain productive farmland.

Cestrum tomentosum L.f. Extracts against Colletotrichum scovillei by Altering Cell Membrane Permeability and Inducing ROS Accumulation

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Researchers found that extracts from the Cestrum tomentosum plant effectively kill a fungus that causes anthracnose disease in chili peppers. The plant extract works by damaging the fungal cell membranes and causing harmful reactive oxygen species to accumulate inside fungal cells. This natural remedy showed strong protective and therapeutic effects when applied to chili pepper fruits, offering a safer alternative to synthetic chemical fungicides.

Editorial: Unraveling pathogen-plant-microbiome interactions in horticultural crops through omics approaches

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This editorial presents a collection of research on how diseases affect valuable crops like tomatoes, tea, and potatoes. Scientists used advanced genetic and molecular techniques to understand how pathogens infect plants and how the beneficial microbes around plant roots can help fight disease. The studies suggest that managing crop diseases sustainably requires understanding the complex interactions between pathogens, plants, and their microbial communities.

Identifying Key Pathogens and Effective Control Agents for Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus Root Rot

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Astragalus (a valuable traditional Chinese herb) often develops root rot disease caused by harmful fungi. Researchers identified the specific fungi causing this disease and tested various chemical fungicides and beneficial bacteria to control it. Carbendazim fungicide and a biocontrol bacterium called KRS006 proved most effective, suggesting a combination approach could protect this important medicinal plant from disease.

Integrated Transcriptomics–Proteomics Analysis Reveals the Response Mechanism of Morchella sextelata to Pseudodiploöspora longispora Infection

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White mold disease is a major problem for morel mushroom farmers in China. Researchers identified the fungus causing this disease and studied how morel cells defend themselves. Using advanced molecular techniques, they found that morel cells respond to infection by changing their cell membranes and walls, and by activating protective proteins that fight oxidative stress. This research helps explain how the disease damages morels and could lead to developing stronger, disease-resistant mushroom varieties.

In vitro antifungal activity of plant extracts against fungal pathogens of onion (Allium cepa L.) and red pepper (Capsicum annum L.) in selected districts of Western Hararghe, Ethiopia

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Onion and pepper farmers in Ethiopia lose significant crops to fungal diseases, and chemical fungicides are expensive and harmful. This study tested plant extracts from garlic, neem, and African wintersweet against disease-causing fungi. Acokanthera schimperi (African wintersweet) was most effective at stopping fungal growth, offering farmers an affordable, natural, and environmentally safe alternative to chemical fungicides.

Research Keyword: disease management