This case report describes two patients in Senegal with a serious fungal infection called eumycetoma caused by previously unidentified fungal species. Using modern DNA sequencing methods, researchers identified the infections as being caused by Madurella tropicana and Madurella pseudomycetomatis, rather than the previously known Madurella mycetomatis. One patient treated with the antifungal drug itraconazole showed good improvement, highlighting the importance of accurate identification for proper treatment.