Research Keyword: biotic stress

Melatonin-Producing Microorganisms: A Rising Research Interest in Their Melatonin Biosynthesis and Effects on Crops

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Scientists are discovering that certain microorganisms like yeast, algae, and bacteria naturally produce melatonin, the same molecule that helps humans sleep. These melatonin-producing microbes could help farmers grow healthier crops by sharing their melatonin with plants and protecting them from stress like drought and disease. This discovery offers an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic melatonin and could make agriculture more sustainable as climate change poses increasing challenges.

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In Vitro Mycorrhization for Plant Propagation and Enhanced Resilience to Environmental Stress: A Review

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This review examines how beneficial fungi called arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can be grown alongside plants in laboratory conditions to improve plant growth and stress tolerance. These fungi form partnerships with plant roots, helping them absorb more nutrients and water while protecting them from diseases and environmental stress. By combining this mycorrhizal inoculation with plant tissue culture techniques, scientists can produce large numbers of healthier, more resilient plants for agriculture.

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The effects of biotic stress on the sexual reproduction process of flowering plants

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When plants get sick from fungal, bacterial, or viral infections or are eaten by insects and parasites, their ability to produce flowers, seeds, and fruits is severely affected. Different pathogens use different tricks to damage reproduction—some speed up flowering to take advantage of the plant quickly, while others slow it down or destroy floral structures directly. Understanding how these pathogens attack plant reproduction helps farmers protect their crops and maintain food production.

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