Eco-friendly biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using marine-derived Fusarium equiseti: optimization, characterization, and evaluation of antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities
Scientists used a marine fungus called Fusarium equiseti to create tiny silver particles called nanoparticles in an environmentally-friendly way. These particles showed strong abilities to kill harmful bacteria and fungi, protect cells from damage caused by free radicals, and fight breast cancer cells in laboratory tests. This green synthesis method offers a safer, non-toxic alternative to traditional chemical manufacturing while producing stable, multi-functional nanoparticles.