beta diversity – Page 2

Effects of Long-Term Heavy Metal Pollution on Microbial Community Structure in Soil

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Heavy metals from mining operations contaminate farmland soil and reduce its quality. This research examined how different types of bacteria and fungi adapt to living in heavily polluted soil by collecting samples from a contaminated farm in China. The study found that specific microorganism species thrive in different levels of contamination and could potentially be used to help clean up polluted soils through natural biological processes.

Lentinula edodes cultured extract intake alleviates long-term immune deregulation induced by early-life gut microbiota dysbiosis

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Taking an extract from shiitake mushrooms (AHCC) during pregnancy and breastfeeding can help protect babies from the negative immune effects of antibiotics. Antibiotics given early in life damage the beneficial bacteria in the baby’s gut, leading to long-term immune problems. This study showed that shiitake extract helped restore healthy bacteria and reduced inflammation in mice exposed to antibiotics as infants, suggesting it could be used as a preventive measure for children who need antibiotics.

Fungal communities in Florida salt marsh mosquito midguts vary between species and over time but have low structure

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Researchers studied the fungi living in the guts of three types of Florida salt marsh mosquitoes. They found that all mosquitoes carried high amounts of a common environmental yeast called Rhodotorula lamellibrachiae. The type of mosquito species mattered more than the time of year for determining which fungi were present. Unlike bacterial communities in mosquitoes, the fungal communities appeared to assemble somewhat randomly rather than following organized patterns.

Identification of bacterial communities associated with needle mushroom (Flammulina filiformis) and its production environment

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Researchers studied the bacteria living in needle mushroom farms in China to understand which microbes help mushrooms grow well and which ones cause diseases. They found that farms in different regions have different bacterial communities, with some bacteria being beneficial while others cause rot and disease. By identifying these bacteria, the study provides information to help farmers grow healthier, safer mushrooms through better farming practices.

Seagrass Enhalus acoroides extract mitigates obesity and diabetes via GLP-1, PPARγ, SREBP-1c modulation and gut microbiome restoration in diabetic zebrafish

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Researchers tested a seagrass extract called Enhalus acoroides on diabetic zebrafish and found it effectively reduced body weight and blood sugar levels, performing as well or better than metformin, a common diabetes medication. The extract worked by activating genes that promote glucose metabolism and reducing genes that promote fat storage. Importantly, the extract also restored healthy gut bacteria balance, which appears to play a key role in its therapeutic effects. These findings suggest that seagrass could be developed into a natural supplement or functional food to help treat obesity and diabetes.

Human Activity Impacts on Macrofungal Diversity: A Case Study of Grazing in Subtropical Forests

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When goats graze in forests, they change the environment through trampling, eating plants, and leaving droppings. This study found that goat grazing actually increased the variety of mushrooms and fungi in three types of subtropical forests in China over two years. However, while there were more types of fungi overall, the special fungi unique to specific regions became less common, suggesting grazing makes fungal communities more similar across different areas.

The Expanding Truffle Environment: A Study of the Microbial Dynamics in the Old Productive Site and the New Tuber magnatum Picco Habitat

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Researchers studied how microbial communities develop in white truffle forests, comparing an established productive forest with a nearby expanding area in Tuscany, Italy. Using DNA sequencing techniques, they tracked fungi and bacteria over two years and found that the expanding area had more diverse microbial communities while the established forest showed more stable, ectomycorrhizal-dominated communities. The white truffle fungus showed unique associations with specific bacterial types, particularly species that may enhance plant growth and nutrient acquisition. These findings suggest that proper forest management practices like selective vegetation cutting can support truffle production by creating favorable conditions for beneficial microbial communities.

High-Throughput Sequencing Uncovers Fungal Community Succession During Morchella sextelata Development

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Scientists studied how fungal communities in soil change as morel mushrooms grow through different stages. They found that while beneficial fungi that break down organic matter are always present, dangerous disease-causing fungi increase significantly during the fruiting stage when mushrooms are ready to harvest. Understanding these changes helps farmers better manage soil and prevent diseases to get better harvests.

Rhizosphere Bacterial Communities Alter in Process to Mycorrhizal Developments of a Mixotrophic Pyrola japonica

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This study explores how bacteria living around plant roots change as the plant develops its relationship with fungi. Researchers found that when fungi fully colonized plant roots in Pyrola japonica, the bacterial community became less diverse but more stable. Even after fungi died off, the bacterial community remained, suggesting these bacteria play an important long-term role in helping the plant obtain nutrients and resist diseases.

Mushroom stem-based diets elicit region-specific shifts in rainbow trout gut microbiota

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Researchers tested whether mushroom stem waste products could be used as sustainable fish feed ingredients. When juvenile rainbow trout were fed diets containing 30% mushroom stems from three different species, their gut bacteria changed in beneficial ways without harming the intestinal lining. Different parts of the gut showed different bacterial responses, with the most beneficial effects being increased growth of helpful bacteria like Mycoplasma and Legionella. This research suggests mushroom processing byproducts could improve aquaculture sustainability while supporting fish health.

Research Keyword: beta diversity